Surgical sutures are for holding body tissues together after surgery or injury. First, suture material can be classified as either absorbable or nonabsorbable. The most commonly used suture needles in dentistry are the 38 and 12 circle needles3,4 figure 2. Nonresorbable suture materials include such types as silk, nylon, vinyl, and stainless steel. Sutures may be absorbent dissolvable or nonabsorbent must be removed. Absorbable sutures will naturally break down in the body over time while nonabsorbable sutures are made of synthetic material that is removed after a. Nylon, vinyl, and stainless steel are rarely used in the mouth. Surgical suture materials are used in the closure of most wound types. Suture removal is determined by how well the wound has healed and the extent of the surgery. Sutures can be divided into two types those which are absorbable and will break down harmlessly in the body over time without intervention, and those which are nonabsorbable and must be manually removed if they are not left indefinitely. For determined types of sutures the length may also be 30 or 90 cms.
It would be interesting to conduct future studies that examine how the type of incision and intraoral location, or the number of mucosa or subperiosteal sutures may influence needle alterations. There are various types of sutures used during surgical operations and are suited for different purposes. Some tooth extractions require the creation of a gum tissue flap, so to gain better access to the tooth being removed, or the bone that surrounds it. The choice by the surgeon regarding the type of suture thread to use each time takes into account a series of factors. We are pleased to present you with this guide to suturing to assist you in perfecting. This document is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute a legal opinion regarding dental practice in any state. Suture materials primary purpose for suture approximate wound margins enhance tissue healing early role of suture wounds do not gain strength until 46 days after injury approximating of tissues depending on suture strength the relationship between gradual loss of suture strength and slow increase of wound strength must be. Various methods and materials have been used sutures, stents, paste dressings, tissue tacks and adhesives for precise flap placement. A number of different shapes, sizes, and thread materials have been developed over its millennia of history. Baltimore college of dental surgery baltimore, maryland after reading this article, the reader should be able to. And then the placement of one or more sutures stitches, whose purpose is to stabilize soft tissues loosened up during the procedure until the needed degree of healing has had a chance to occur. Suture care postoperative instructions what are sutures. They used to tie, ligate or appose tissue together. The most common type of sutures placed in dentistry is the routine interrupted.
They are great people to work with and wont let you make a mistake. To verify any information, please contact your states dental board. Dental suturing materials and techniques juniper publishers. The treatment plan in this case entailed resective periodontal therapy in order to decrease the depth at probing. Suturing techniques in oral surgery journal of dental. Beyond natural materials, various synthetic compounds are used to make dissolving stitches too polyglycolic acid. Pdf successful suturing success 3s, suture material. Suture needles surgical needles are designed to lead suture material through. Horizontal mattress suture the strongest type of sutures, very far away 8. The 38 needle allows the clinician to pass from the buccal surface to the lingual surface in one motion by rotating the needle on a central axis. Suture materials types, materials used and techniques in. Sutures are normally classified into general sutures, cardiovascular sutures, valve sutures, orthopedic sutures, dental sutures, gynaec, veterinary sutures, cosmetic surgery sutures, ophthalmic sutures etc. School of dentistry, university of missouri kansas city. You should only carry out a task or type of treatment or make decisions about a.
Nevertheless, there are many types of incisions in oral surgery and each one has its own anatomical and performance determining factors. There is another type of classification of suture needles. You have had a surgical procedure that required sutures stitches to close the wound. Keywords dental surgery, dental sutures, suture techniques, wound healing. Common suture materials and suggested indications for their use table of when to use different types of sutures examples synthetic or natural suggested indications absorbable monofilament catgutchromic catgut natural rarely used pds polydioxanonemonocryl polycaprone glycolide maxon polyglyconate synthetic buried dermal sutures or continuous subcuticular suture absorbable. And art and technique in implant dentistry only requires expensive sutures. There are many circumstances in which sutures are used to repair tissue and facilitate healing.
The techniques that you use, the suture material you use, and the specific type of needle you use will vary depending on whether you are closing a simple laceration on the foot, a complex laceration on the face, a gastrointestinal anastomosis, a vascular anastomosis, or closing a median sternotomy. There are two types of sutures, absorbable and nonabsorbable. Meyle suture materials and suture techniques figs 10a and 10b approximation of the wound edges after tooth extraction by overlying, crossedover mattress stitch. Successful dental suturing ororal surgery is dependent on. Monocryl has 60 to 70% of it initial tensile strength at 7 days and 30 to 40% at 14 days. Using rotating instruments, the bone surround is modified, taking particular care to reconstruct a correct bone anatomy. Absorbable sutures dont require your doctor to remove them. The condition of the wound, the tissues to be repaired, the tensile strength of the suture material, knotholding characteristics of the suture material, and the reaction of surrounding tissues to the suture materials 12.
Tissue reactions to various suture materials used in oral. In conclusion, the authors recommended the use of the different suture threads on the dependence of the oral surgery operation type that must be. To date, research data regarding the efficacies of various materials remains debatable and inconsistent. Principles of flap design and closure 76 april 2016.
These will remain in the skin for three to fourteen days, depending on their location and your surgeons discretion. Choose shortest instrument that will comfortably reach operative site if cutting suture or nontissue material, avoid using fine. I think the book would be particularly useful for dental students beginning the surgical journey. Nonabsorbable sutureneedle combination patterson dental. Dental hyg ien st 7 dent al ther pi s 8 dent al te ch ni s 9 clinical d e nt al ch i s 10. Salvin dental is an important resource for our practice and for our course participants. Ssutures and suturing techniques in skin closureutures and suturing techniques in skin closure mmohan h. The different types of sutures can be classified in many ways. Surgical suture is a medical device used to hold body tissues together after an injury or surgery.
Sutures are normally classified into general sutures, cardiovascular sutures, valve sutures, orthopaedic sutures, dental sutures, gynaec, veterinary sutures, cosmetic surgery sutures, ophthalmic sutures etc. The most commonly used nonresorbable suture in the oral cavity is silk. Permitted functions and supervision levels by state. Dental suturing has been an interesting topics or years and years. Sutures are surgical thread like materials used for stitching tissues in surgery. In this type of healing, there is no loss of substance and adhesion of the flaps in the early period is guaranteed by the gluing effect of fibrin and by the sutures. Types of suture materials classification based on resorbability. Sripathi, smitha prabhu residents corner how to cite this article. Silk has been the most widely used material for dental and many other types of surgery. Suturing techniques involved in dental surgery slideshare. The most commonly seen suture is the intermittent suture. A variety of suture materials may be used for a particular. Does not need to be removed due to being resorbed by the body.
Common suture materials and suggested indications for. It is important for the clinicians to know the difference. The best type of suture for implant surgery isexperience. Examples of some of the suture types and sizes commonly used in office oral surgery. This technique is used to suture tubular structures such as blood vessels in order to stop bleeding or reestablish blood flow horizontal continuous mattress sutures. The eye of the needle is larger than the diameter of the suture needle, the suture material is tied in the eye of the needle. These types of sutures are typically used in skin closure and in wounds where there is risk of infection. Nonabsorbent sutures are usually removed within 7 to 14 days. Sutures are also classified into various types based on the usage or application. Handbook of surgical sutures and knots olajumoke alice ogunji zainab jimoh isa ngbede.
Clinical documentation illustrates the great utility of this type of suture. Eyed needles can be reused, but it causes tissue damage. Ethicon sutures are made of strong, sharp micrograin stainless steel. These types of stitches are sometimes called catgut or just gut sutures, related to the fact that some are actually made from intestines of animals usually sheep or cattle. Pdf successful suturing success 3s, suture material and.
The choice by the surgeon regarding the type of suture thread to use. This means the sutures are likely to last more than a week but i find that many are gone or going from an oral placement in 14 days. When choosing sutures veterinary surgeons should always consider which is the appropriate suture material, surgical needle and suture size for a given tissue and be familiar with suture characteristics and tissue requirements. But it was only with the development of packaging techniques with synthetic materials around 1960, and of new methods of sterilisation that it became possible to make the sterile and readyforuse packs available. Traditionally, silk has been the mostly used suture material for dental and several other surgical procedures. Types of thread surgical suture material can be classified on the basis of the characteristics absorbability. With regard to the length of the thread and needle assembly, this is generally 75 or 45 cms. Successful dental suturing ororal surgery is dependent on accurate coaptation of the flaps. Principles of flap design and closure where the dental. Certain anatomical areas like the retroauricular skin, are prone to wound inversion, and this is an indication for placing horizontal continuous mattress sutures.
Application generally involves using a needle with an attached length of thread. Seamless swaging produces a needle diameter that closely matches the diameter of the attached suture. Dental stitches dissolving vs regular as used with tooth. Suture materials and suture techniques perio periodontal. The ideal suture should allow the healing tissue to recover sufficiently to keep the wound closed together once they are removed or absorbed the time it takes for a tissue to no longer require support from sutures will vary depending on tissue type. Articles have been published worldwide and changed when there is an new results both in clinical or experimental studies. Suturing in dental surgery hasanain alani, 18 july 21, 2016 overview. Suture materials are chosen if they can qualify with the following properties of suture materials tensile strength, biocompatibility, easy of tying, least tissue irritation and reaction, diameter and size, coefficient or friction. In summary, this is a nicely done book on oral suturing technique that presents useful and accessible information on the techniques it covers and only fails in a few places with coverage. Many types of instruments forceps, instruments for holding tissue needle holders scissors retractors which instrument to use. Figs 9e and 9f then the ends of the thread are joined together using a surgeons knot.